If a diver has difficulty equalizing their ears, what technique should they avoid?

When a diver has difficulty equalizing their ears, it is important to understand which techniques can help and which can potentially cause harm. Pinching the nose and blowing, commonly known as the Valsalva maneuver, can put excessive pressure on the eardrum, particularly if the diver is already experiencing difficulty with equalization. If the Eustachian tubes are blocked or not functioning properly, this technique could lead to barotrauma—a condition that can severely damage the eardrum.

Other techniques, like swallowing, yawning, and cocking the head, are generally safer and promote equalization through more gentle methods. Swallowing and yawning help to open the Eustachian tubes naturally, while tilting the head can assist in realigning the structures in the ear for better air passage. These methods are less likely to cause injury and are recommended for divers who encounter challenges in equalizing pressure. Thus, the best practice for a diver facing difficulties with equalization is to avoid the Valsalva maneuver and instead utilize gentle techniques that reduce the risk of causing harm to the ears.