What can a long, forceful equalization lead to?

A long, forceful equalization can lead to eardrum rupture due to the significant pressure change that occurs in the middle ear. Equalization involves balancing the pressure in the middle ear with the pressure of the surrounding water as a diver descends. If this process is performed too forcefully, it can create excessive pressure that the eardrum cannot withstand.

The eardrum, or tympanic membrane, is only a thin barrier that separates the outer ear from the middle ear. When the pressure difference becomes too great because of overly aggressive equalization attempts, it may exceed the safe tolerance level of the eardrum, resulting in a rupture. This condition can lead to pain, hearing loss, and potential ear infections.

In contrast, excessive buoyancy might concern a diver when they need to control their ascent or descent but is not directly related to the mechanics of equalization. Severe headaches could arise from various diving-related issues, such as the bends or dehydration, rather than from the act of equalizing itself. Middle ear squeeze is a condition that can occur when a diver descends without equalizing properly, rather than as a direct result of forceful equalization. Thus, the correct answer underscores the potential dangers of improperly managing equalization