When underwater, light behaves differently. Which effect causes objects to appear distorted?

Refraction is the phenomenon that occurs when light passes through different media, such as air and water. This change in medium causes the speed of light to change, leading to a bending of the light rays. As a result, objects submerged in water appear displaced or distorted from their actual positions. This effect is particularly noticeable when looking at objects at an angle or when they are partially submerged.

In contrast, reflection refers to light bouncing off surfaces, diffusion refers to light scattering, and absorption involves light being taken up by a material. While these effects certainly play roles in how we perceive underwater environments, it is refraction that directly causes the optical distortion of objects, making it the correct answer in this context. Understanding the principles of light behavior underwater is essential for divers, as it impacts how they navigate and interact with their surroundings.