Which factors should divers avoid to reduce the risk of decompression sickness?

Divers should aim to minimize the risk of decompression sickness (DCS) by avoiding various factors that can compromise their safety. Each of the options—diving soon after an illness or injury, strenuous exercise immediately after a dive, and dehydration—contributes to a higher risk of developing DCS.

When a diver has recently experienced an illness or injury, their body may not be in optimal condition for the physical stresses of diving. This lack of preparedness can affect circulation and the body's ability to handle the changes in pressure underwater, increasing the likelihood of nitrogen bubbles forming and leading to DCS.

Engaging in strenuous exercise right after a dive can also elevate the risk. After diving, the body needs time to off-gas nitrogen safely. Strenuous activities increase blood flow and can accelerate the extraction of nitrogen from tissues, potentially leading to bubble formation and DCS.

Dehydration further exacerbates the risk. Adequate hydration is essential for maintaining proper circulation and allowing the body to off-gas nitrogen effectively. When dehydrated, blood viscosity increases, which may hinder circulation and complicate the off-gassing process.

Thus, avoiding all three identified factors—recent illness or injury, strenuous post-dive exercise, and dehydration—creates a safer diving experience